Beyond Tourism: The Ways of Salatiga Culinary Business People to Survive Covid-19
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sustainability of tourism-related livelihoods was significantly impacted. Tourism-related SMEs, including culinary businesses, have strived to find ways to endure the pandemic. Therefore, developing strategies to cope with the crisis became essential. Viewing the COVID-19 pandemic in a holistic context, responses from culinary entrepreneurs indicate a context of the crisis that can either harm them as a vulnerable context or serve as an opportunity to improve their livelihoods. Within the framework of sustainable livelihood theory, this research examines the efforts of Salatiga culinary entrepreneurs in securing their livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Presenting an empirical case of culinary entrepreneurs in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia, this research employs a qualitative approach and collects data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The interviews were conducted during participants’ spare time, with repeated visits made to acquire detailed information. The results indicate that while major culinary entrepreneurs have managed to keep their businesses afloat, some have chosen to pivot to other industries. In conclusion, those entrepreneurs who diversified their businesses beyond the tourism sector have become more adaptable in adjusting their livelihoods to the pandemic and are better prepared for the unpredictable duration of the COVID-19.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, K. M., Choe, J., Mostafanezhad, M., & Phi, G. T. (2021). (Post-) pandemic tourism resiliency: Southeast Asian lives and livelihoods in limbo. Tourism Geographies, 23(4), 915–936.
Adger, W. N., Arnell, N. W., & Tompkins, E. L. (2005). Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environmental Change, 15(2), 77–86.
Al Haija, A. A. (2011). Jordan: Tourism and conflict with local communities. Habitat International, 35(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.04.002
Alonso, A. D., Kok, S. K., Bressan, A., O’Shea, M., Sakellarios, N., Koresis, A., … Santoni, L. J. (2020). COVID-19, aftermath, impacts, and hospitality firms: An international perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, 102654.
Alves, J. C., Lok, T. C., Luo, Y., & Hao, W. (2020). Crisis management for small business during the COVID-19 outbreak: Survival, resilience and renewal strategies of firms in Macau.
Banki, M. B., Ismail, H. N., & Muhammad, I. B. (2016). Coping with seasonality: A case study of family owned micro tourism businesses in Obudu Mountain Resort in Nigeria. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 141–152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.01.010
Berita7.online. (2021). Kemenparekraf All Out Dukung Salatiga Jadi Kota Gastro History.
Blackstock, K. (2005). A critical look at community based tourism. Community Development Journal, 40(1), 39–49.
BPS. (2021). Jumlah Restoran / Rumah Makan menurut Kabupaten / Kota di Jawa Tengah.
Brooks, N., Adger, W. N., & Kelly, P. M. (2005). The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 15(2), 151–163.
Burcu, K. O. Ç. (2021). The Probable Effects of COVID-19 on Entrepreneurial Trends and SMEs in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 9(3), 1522–1535.
Calgaro, E., Lloyd, K., & Dominey-Howes, D. (2014). From vulnerability to transformation: A framework for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(3), 341–360.
Census and Statistics Department. (2020). Gross Domestic Product for 2nd Quarter 2020.
Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992). Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. Institute of Development Studies (UK).
Chen, F., Xu, H., & Lew, A. A. (2020). Livelihood resilience in tourism communities: The role of human agency. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(4), 606–624.
Chowdhury, M. T., Sarkar, A., Paul, S. K., & Moktadir, M. A. (2020). A case study on strategies to deal with the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in the food and beverage industry. Operations Management Research, 1–13.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Dahles, H. (2002). Tourism, small enterprises and community development. In Tourism and sustainable community development (pp. 172–187). Routledge.
Dahles, H., & Susilowati, T. P. (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 34–50.
Dayour, F., Adongo, C. A., Amuquandoh, F. E., & Adam, I. (2020). Managing the COVID-19 crisis: coping and post-recovery strategies for hospitality and tourism businesses in Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights.
Dayour, F., Adongo, C. A., Amuquandoh, F. E., & Adam, I. (2021). Managing the COVID-19 crisis: coping and post-recovery strategies for hospitality and tourism businesses in Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 4(4), 373–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-08-2020-0150
DFID, U. K. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID, 445.
Gallopín, G. C. (2006). Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 293–303.
Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20.
Hardilawati, W. L. (2020). Strategi Bertahan UMKM di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Ekonomika, 10(1), 89–98.
ILO. (2019). Financing Small Businesses in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities. Jakarta.
Kemenparekraf. (2021). Infografik: 5 Destinasi Super Prioritas.
Kim, S., & Jamal, T. (2015). The co-evolution of rural tourism and sustainable rural development in Hongdong, Korea: complexity, conflict and local response. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8–9), 1363–1385.
King, C., Iba, W., & Clifton, J. (2021). Reimagining resilience: COVID-19 and marine tourism in Indonesia. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(19), 2784–2800.
Koh, E. (2020). The end of over-tourism? Opportunities in a post-Covid-19 world. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(4), 1015–1023.
Koh, K. Y., & Hatten, T. S. (2002). The tourism entrepreneur: The overlooked player in tourism development studies. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 3(1), 21–48.
Komppula, R. (2014). The role of individual entrepreneurs in the development of competitiveness for a rural tourism destination - A case study. Tourism Management Journal, 40, 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.07.007
Lasso, A., & Dahles, H. (2018). Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 473–485.
Mbaiwa, J. E. (2011). Changes on traditional livelihood activities and lifestyles caused by tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management, 32(5), 1050–1060.
Monitor, I. L. O. (2020). COVID-19 and the world of work. Updated Estimates and Analysis, 27.
Nepal, S. K. (2020). Adventure travel and tourism after COVID-19–business as usual or opportunity to reset? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 646–650.
Nhamo, G., Dube, K., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Counting the Cost of COVID-19 on the Global Tourism Industry. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56231-1
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., … Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185–193.
Ranasinghe, R., Damunupola, A., Wijesundara, S., Karunarathna, C., Nawarathna, D., Gamage, S., … Idroos, A. A. (2020). Tourism after corona: Impacts of COVID 19 pandemic and way forward for tourism, hotel and mice industry in Sri Lanka. Hotel and Mice Industry in Sri Lanka (April 22, 2020).
Raung, S. A., & Prabawa, T. S. (2021). Strategi pengusaha konveksi di Tingkir Lor salatiga merespon pandemi COVID-19 [Strategies of entrepreneurss convection in Tingkir Lor Salatiga in responding to COVID-19 pandemic]. DeReMa (Development Research of Management) Jurnal Manajemen, 214–226.
Salatiga.go.id. (2019). 79 Vendor Ramaikan Festival Kuliner Salatiga ke-4. Retrieved from https://salatiga.go.id/79-vendor-ramaikan-festival-kuliner-salatiga-ke-4/
Salatiga.go.id. (2021). Wali Kota Sampaikan Terima Kasih Kepada Wajib Pajak Daerah. Retrieved from https://salatiga.go.id/wali-kotasampaikan-terima-kasih-kepada-wajib-pajak-daerah/
Santoso, H. (2020). Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Omset Resto dan Hotel di Salatiga Turun Hingga 80%.
Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis (No. 72).
Scott, N., & Laws, E. (2006). Tourism crises and disasters: Enhancing understanding of system effects. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19(2–3), 149–158.
Shafi, M., Liu, J., & Ren, W. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium-sized Enterprises operating in Pakistan. Research in Globalization, 2, 100018.
Singh, S., Corner, P., & Pavlovich, K. (2007). Coping with entrepreneurial failure. Journal of Management & Organization, 13(4), 331–344.
Smit, B., & Wandel, J. (2006). Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 282–292.
Sugihamretha, I. D. G. (2020). Respon Kebijakan: Mitigasi Dampak Wabah Covid-19 Pada Sektor Pariwisata. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(2), 191–206.
Sunthornpan, S., & Hirata, S. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 and rapid response of small restaurants in Thailand. In Marketing and Smart Technologies: Proceedings of ICMarkTech 2021, Volume 1 (pp. 93–103). Springer.
Tambunan, T. (2006). Micro, small and medium enterprises and economic growth. Center for Industry and SME Studies, Working Paper Series, 4.
Tao, T. C. H., & Wall, G. (2009). A livelihood approach to sustainability. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 137–152.
Tosun, C. (2001). Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: the case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 22(3), 289–303.
Tungkup, D. L. (2021). The Importance of Online Transportation Effectiveness for Business Resistance Strategies During the Covid-19 Pandemic. KnE Social Sciences, 396–414.
UNEP & UNWTO. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers.
Wang, L., & Yotsumoto, Y. (2018). A different interpretation from Cornet’s on tourism development in an ethnic minority village in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(9), 847–861.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36256/ijtl.v5i2.441
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure Indexed and Archieved By:
Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.