Rethinking Edutourism in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence and Policy Implications

Rizki Handayani Mustafa; Budi Supriyanto; Rilla Rianty; Muhammad Inas Nismara; Igras Vigran Antonio Sitanggang

doi:10.36256/ijtl.v6i2.548

Rethinking Edutourism in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence and Policy Implications

Rizki Handayani Mustafa, Budi Supriyanto, Rilla Rianty, Muhammad Inas Nismara, Igras Vigran Antonio Sitanggang

Abstract

Edutourism is gaining momentum globally as a transformative learning paradigm that integrates education, tourism, and socio-cultural development. Unlike traditional study tours, edutourism emphasizes experiential learning, critical reflection, and contextual immersion. In Indonesia, however, the development of edutourism is hindered by fragmented regulations, geographical disparities, and limited institutional capacity. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 88 peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2025, sourced from Scopus and Google Scholar, to identify key trends in global edutourism practices. The analysis reveals seven thematic clusters: ecological awareness, governance, rural resilience, cultural identity, spatial efficiency, social impact, and policy innovation. Findings suggest that successful edutourism models globally are driven by cross-sectoral policy integration, collaborative governance, and pedagogical alignment with local contexts. In Indonesia, overcoming challenges such as uneven infrastructure and funding gaps requires a phased, locally grounded approach. To advance edutourism, pilot-based strategies that emphasize decentralization, digital integration, and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a more effective path forward than national mandates.

Keywords

Educational Tourism; Contextual Learning; Policy Integration; Sustainable Education; Bibliometric Analysis

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afrisal, A. F. (2022). Collaborative Governance in Tourism Development Policy. Journal of Social Science, 3(6), 1266–1270. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i6.478

Alim, J. A., Hermita, N., Putra, Z., Erlisnawati, E., Puspitasari, E., & Sulastio, A. (2024). Pemberdayaan Guru Sebagai Penguatan Keterampilan Profesional Dalam Program Pembuatan Modul Proyek Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Melayu Siak. Journal of Community Engagement Research for Sustainability, 4(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.31258/cers.4.1.10-17

Alipour, H., Fatemi, H., & Malazizi, N. (2020). Is edu-tourism a sustainable option? A case study of residents’ perceptions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12155937

Amalia, N. R., Setiawan, V., & Rahayu, D. S. (2024). Social Inclusion for empowering individuals and groups through Edutourism in Karangpatihan, Ponorogo. Journal of Community Service in Science and Engineering (JoCSE), 3(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.36055/jocse.v3i1.24357

Ameli, I. L., Ayaga, G., & Ouda, J. B. (2024). Effectiveness of Teacher Supervision Practices in the Implementation of the Early Years Education Program. Social Education Research, 302–318. https://doi.org/10.37256/SER.5220243992

Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032

Armstrong, R. (2012). An analysis of the conditions for success of community based tourism enterprises. International Centre for Responsible Tourism, 18(1), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.675170

Asmirajanti, M., Aliyupiudin, Y., Rusmini, S., Rumondang, P. R., Chanafie, D., & Supyono, S. (2021). Penerapan Standar Akreditasi Terhadap Mutu Dan Keselamatan Pasien Sebelum Dan Selama Pandemi Covid 19. The Journal of Hospital Accreditation, 3(2), 65–70. https://doi.org/10.35727/jha.v3i2.93

Atef, T. M., Al-Balushi, M., & Hamza, G. M. (2019). The Road to UNWTO.TedQual Certification A Documental Approach. Journal Of Tourism And Hospitality Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n1a3

Attaalla, F. A. H. (2020). Educational Tourism As a Tool To Increase the Competitiveness of Education in Egypt: a Critical Study. International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews, 7(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2020.717

Bentley, C. M., Cunningham, J. E. M., Dueck, T. A., Federau, R. J., Gordon, B. P., Lovesy, K. H., … Watkins, K. A. (2024). Study tour reflections: revisiting curricula through an international lens. Social Work Education, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2024.2438262

Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586

Chai, Y., Dai, B., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2024). Partnerships in educational tourism in China: a power perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 33(7), 1330–1347. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2024.2346789

Chamidah, N., Putra, A. H. P. K., Mansur, D. M., & Guntoro, B. (2020). Penta helix Element Synergy as an Effort to Develop Tourism Villages in Indonesia. JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v8i1.625

Chuang, S. (2021). The Applications of Constructivist Learning Theory and Social Learning Theory on Adult Continuous Development. Performance Improvement, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21963

Dapodik. (2025). Rekapitulasi Data Pokok Pendidikan Nasional.

Daşdemir, İ., & Koca, N. (2023). Effects of Using Virtual Tour Applications in Social Studies on Academic Achievement, Motivation, and Attitude. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 12(1), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_BIRUNI_V12.N1.17

Dhua, A. K., Garg, M., Yadav, D. K., Goel, P., Jain, V., Anand, S., & Verma, A. (2023). Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of the Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction Publication Landscape. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 28(6), 497–507. https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_61_23

Djalle, A. N. F., Soi, A. B., & Putra, A. P. (2025). Eksplorasi potensi wisata pendidikan dalam mendukung pariwisata berkelanjutan. 9(2), 180–187.

Djunarto, D., Subiyantoro, H., Sutrisno, S., & Lusia, V. (2022). Utilization Of Virtual Tours as An Effort to Improve the Indonesian Tourism Sector in The New Normal Era. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-4-2022.2319716

Doan, H. D. (2020). A Study on the Application of Field Trips in English Teaching in Vietnam: Effectiveness and Solutions. The Asian Conference on Education & International Development 2020.

Donge, R. Van. (2018). Authentic Learning Experiences: Investigating How Teachers Can Lead Their Students to Intrinsic Motivation in Meaningful Work. DORDT University.

Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070

Dwi Saputra, R., Pertiwi, Y., Warsito, S., & Priyono, Y. (2022). Pemeliharaan dan Penggunaan Alat- Alat Keselamatan. Majalah Ilmiah Bahari Jogja, 20(1), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.33489/mibj.v20i1.294

Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Oxford: Capstone, Ed.). Capstone: Oxford.

Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., & Balogh, S. (2012). An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011

Fatmawati, S., & Nugraha, M. S. (2024). Pengelolaan Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta. Epistemic: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 3(3), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.70287/epistemic.v3i3.209

Ferial, L., & Wahyuni, N. (2022). Mutu Pelayanan Kesehatan Meningkat Dengan Menerapkan Keselamatan Pasien Di Puskesmas. Journal of Baja Health Science, 2(01), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.47080/joubahs.v2i01.1895

Giampiccoli, A., & Saayman, M. (2019). Community-based tourism development model and community participation. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4), 1–27.

Gomez-Lanier, L. (2017). The Experiential Learning Impact of International and Domestic Study Tours: Class Excursions That Are More Than Field Trips. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 1(29), 129–144.

Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2009). Community-Based Tourism: A success? ICRT Occasional Paper, (11).

Guntur, M., Hasanah, D., Musyarrofah, S., Ningsih, N. I. S., & Sahronih, S. (2023). Optimalisasi Program Mangrove Literacy Edutourism (MANGLIEDS) Berbasis Konservasi Mangrove. Prima Abdika: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(4), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.37478/abdika.v3i4.3226

Guo, J., Li, L., Gong, Y., Zhu, R., Xu, J., Zou, J., & Chen, X. (2017). Massage Alleviates Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00747

Hendricks, M. D. (2015). Towards an optimal teacher salary schedule: Designing base salary to attract and retain effective teachers. Economics of Education Review, 47, 143–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.05.008

Hol, A., Simiana, D., Lieu, G., Ong, I., Feder, J., Dawre, N., & Almazi, W. (2016). International Study Tours: A Key to 21st Century Academic and Industry Exchanges. International Association for Development of the Information Society, 213–220.

Hulaikah, M., Degeng, I. N. S., Sulton, S., & Murwani, F. D. (2020). The Effect of Experiential Learning and Adversity Quotient on Problem Solving Ability. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 869–884. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13156a

Huriati, H., Shalahuddin, S., Hidayah, N., Suaib, S., & Arfah, A. (2022). Literatur review: mutu pelayanan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Forum Ekonomi, 24(1), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v24i1.10572

Husin, A., Maharani, S. D., Raharjo, M., Yosef, Y., Sumarni, S., & Handrianto, C. (2023). Prospects for Implementation of Green Campus in Education And Research Pillars at Edupark Fkip Unsri Become Edutourism. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), e01597. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1597

Husnawati, N., Puspitasari, M., & Yundayani, A. (2024). Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation And Listening Skills Through Integrating Authentic Learning Materials. English Review: Journal of English Education, 12(2), 559–566. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v12i2.9761

Indahsari, N. D., Subianto, A., & Tamrin, M. H. (2022). Kemitraan Stakeholders Dalam Pengelolaan Jalur Wisata Heritage Trainz Loko Tour Cepu Di Kabupaten Blora. Reformasi, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.33366/rfr.v12i2.3968

Irianto, J., & Djaja, S. (2017). Status Kesehatan Pengemudi dan Kelaikan Bus Menjelang Mudik Lebaran Tahun 2015. Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 26(3), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.22435/mpk.v26i3.4969.181-190

Islahuddin, I., Rijal, S., Salam, N., Idrus, R., & Randy, M. Y. (2024). South Sulawesi Sustainable Marine Tourism: Analysis of the Economic Value of Tourism in Coastal Areas and Small Islands. International Journal of Religion, 5(11), 4772–4785. https://doi.org/10.61707/v7akr433

ISTC. (2022). Annual Report International Science and Technology Center 2022.

Jannah, M. Z., Tazkia, S., Mahfudz, I. N., Nuradji, A. D., Hanifah, S. R., & Minggra, R. (2024). Development of Guidelines for Edutourism Facilities through Research Instrument Preparation Based on Ecological Architecture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1404(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1404/1/012028

Jumadil Hamid, Pebriyan Pebriyan, & Gusmaneli Gusmaneli. (2024). Pembelajaran Kontekstual: Solusi Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan. Realisasi : Ilmu Pendidikan, Seni Rupa Dan Desain, 1(3), 01–12. https://doi.org/10.62383/realisasi.v1i3.113

Kambali, M., & Dewi, A. Y. (2022). Dampak Pengelolaan Edu Wisata pada Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa. Iqtishodiyah : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 8(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.55210/iqtishodiyah.v8i2.791

Khan, A., Bibi, S., Lorenzo, A., Lyu, J., & Babar, Z. U. (2020). Tourism and development in developing economies: A policy implication perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041618

Khoirunisa Wahida, & Hoirul Uyun. (2023). Tatanan Indonesia Dalam Mewujudkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan Melalui Green Economy. Harmoni: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Dan Sosial, 1(2), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.59581/harmoni-widyakarya.v1i2.291

Kisworo, B., Fitryasari, R., Nastiti, A. A., & Prayoga, D. H. (2024). Peningkatan Pelaksanaan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien oleh Pengembangan Budaya Keselamatan pasien berbasis Knowledge Management. Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS.Dr. Soetomo, 10(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.29241/jmk.v10i1.1848

Klippel, A., Zhao, J., Jackson, K. Lou, La Femina, P., Stubbs, C., Wetzel, R., … Oprean, D. (2019). Transforming Earth Science Education Through Immersive Experiences: Delivering on a Long Held Promise. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119854025

Koerner, B., Sushartami, W., & Spencer, D. M. (2024). An assessment of tourism policies and planning in Indonesia. Tourism Recreation Research, 49(6), 1500–1511. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2023.2214030

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as The Source of Learning and Development. Prentice Hall, Inc., (1984), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7223-8.50017-4

Kusaeri, K., & Mulhamah, U. N. (2016). Kemampuan Regulasi Diri Siswa dan Dampaknya Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika. JRPM (Jurnal Review Pembelajaran Matematika), 1(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.15642/jrpm.2016.1.1.31-42

Latifah, L., & Damayanti, M. (2016). Pariwisata Kreatif Berbasis Industri Batik Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Kota Pekalongan. TATALOKA, 18(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.18.1.12-28

Layne, H., & Teng, S. S. (2022). Developing Intercultural Mindedness through an Experiential Learning Activity—A Case Study from Singapore. Education Sciences, 12(3), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030212

Li, G., Zhang, C., Xu, D., & Wang, L. (2024). How emotions catalyse learning through study tours: Evidence from Panda Ambassador. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 322–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2024.08.006

Li, L. (2021). Research on Evaluation and Improvement of Perceived Value of Study Tour for Primary and Middle School Students. E3S Web of Conferences, 253, 01019. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301019

Lin, W., Tu, Y., Liu, F., Guo, Y., Zhou, J., & Feng, S. (2023). Design and implementation of dynamic safety supervision system based on study tour for primary and secondary school students. Engineering Reports, 5(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12637

Longyue, Z. (2023). Modern China and International Rules Reconstruction and Innovation. Springer.

Manyara, G., & Jones, E. (2007). Community-based tourism enterprises development in Kenya: An exploration of their potential as avenues of poverty reduction. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(6), 628–644. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost723.0

Marpaung, B. O. Y., & Purba, F. M. M. (2023). The Interpretation of Neo Vernacular Architecture in Designing Aek Natonang Arboretum Museum and Resort. International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 7(1), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v7i1.11759

Mattewakkang, K., Tahir, A., & Mozin, S. Y. (2025). International Journal of Current Science Research and Review Optimization Strategy for Land Parcel Surveying and Mapping Services at the Land Office of Gorontalo City Corresponding Author : Sri Yulianty Mozin Corresponding Author : Sri Yulianty Mozin. 08(06), 2912–2923. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V8-i6-23

McDonald, S., & Perry, J. A. (2023). Franklian Existentialism and Transformative Learning: Unlikely Co-Captains in Uncertain Times. Journal of Transformative Education, 21(4), 556–573. https://doi.org/10.1177/15413446231152853

Medina-Mijangos, R., & Seguí-Amórtegui, L. (2020). Research Trends in the Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1980 to 2019. Sustainability, 12(20), 8509. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208509

Mehta, N., Fernandes, C., Llerena, C., Weine, S., & Bosland, M. C. (2023, March). Developing a Global Medicine Student Pre- and Post-Travel Curriculum. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2612173/v1

Menteri Pendidikan, K. R. dan T. R. I. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 63 Tahun 2022 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Satuan Pendidikan. , (2022).

Montero, S. (2017). Study tours and inter-city policy learning: Mobilizing Bogotá’s transportation policies in Guadalajara. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 49(2), 332–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16669353

Morgan, P. (2006). The Concept of Capacity. In 2006. European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM).

Movono, A., & Hughes, E. (2022). Tourism partnerships: localizing the SDG agenda in Fiji. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10). https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1811291

Mtapuri, O., & Giampiccoli, A. (2017). Towards a comprehensive model of community-based tourism development. South African Geographical Journal, 98(1), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2014.977813

Muhtadi, M. A. (2023). Pembelajaran Berbasis Outdoor Education sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Minat dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa SD di Kota Sukabumi. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(04), 274–280. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i4.465

Muniz, E. C. L., Dandolini, G. A., Biz, A. A., & Ribeiro, A. C. (2021). Customer knowledge management and smart tourism destinations: a framework for the smart management of the tourist experience – SMARTUR. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(5), 1336–1361. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-07-2020-0529

Muryanti, E., & Herman, Y. (2021). Studi Perbandingan Sistem Pendidikan Dasar di Indonesia dan Finlandia. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(3), 1146–1156. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1696

Muttaqin, Ismalizah, N., Mufarrihah, A. T., Sartika, Harareta, S., Dinurrohmah, S., & Sulaeman, N. F. (2023). Analisis Keamanan Percobaan Fisika pada Laboratorium Fisika di SMA Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Literasi Pendidikan Fisika (JLPF), 4(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.30872/jlpf.v4i1.1673

Nasruddin, N., Normelani, E., & Kumalawati, R. (2019). Strategy for the Development of Kampung Sasirangan as Edutourism Village. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 7(3), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2019.007.03.10

Novita, L., & Azzahra, A. (2024). Edutourism For Children Of Jerukleueut Village With Natural Space Children Garden Program. Jurnal Abdisci, 2(2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.62885/abdisci.v2i2.561

Nurbaya, S., Maklassa, D., Suarni, A., & Sulaeman Masnan, S. (2024). Improving Human Resource Competence through Edutourism Services : A Study on Muhammadiyah Islamic College. IRJEMS International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 3(2), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V3I2P111

Octasya, T., & Antika, E. R. (2023). Pengaruh Self-Compassion Terhadap Regulasi Emosi Siswa Smp Negeri Kecamatan Semarang Timur Ditinjau Dari Gender. QUANTA: Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling Dalam Pendidikan, 7(3), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.22460/quanta.v7i3.3918

OECD. (2019). Annual Report on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational.

Oktaviani, A. B., & Yuliani, E. (2023). Dampak Pengembangan Pariwisata Terhadap Kondisi Ekonomi Masyarakat. Jurnal Kajian Ruang, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30659/jkr.v3i1.22574

Otaki, F., Naidoo, N., Al Heialy, S., John-Baptiste, A. M., Davis, D., & Senok, A. (2022). Maximizing experiential co-curricular programs through Stakeholders’ Theory: An explanatory mixed methods study. Journal of Experiential Education, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259211073279

Parwati, N. N., Suparta, I. N., & Mariawan, I. M. (2017). The Impacts of Tri Hita Karana - Based Educational Tourism. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research Across Disciplines (ICIRAD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icirad-17.2017.3

Pattaray, A., & Nipri, N. (2022). The Effect of Pentahelix Collaboration on Tourism Development of West Sumbawa Regency. Ijd-Demos, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v4i1.207

Pennings, M., Cushing, D. F., Gomez, R., Dyson, C., & Coombs, C. (2019). Gaining ‘Raw Insider Knowledge’: The Benefits and Challenges of International Study Tours for Creative Industries Students. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 38(2), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12219

Pike, Steven, S. J. P. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41, 202–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.009

Piščalkienė, V., & Ingemann Lottrup, H. (2019). Benefits Of Experiential Based Learning: A Case Of Students Participation In The Project “Villages On Move Baltic". Visuomenės Sveikata, 28(6), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2018.064

Pitman, T., Broomhall, S., Mcewan, J., & Majocha, E. (2010). Adult learning in educational tourism. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2), 219–239.

Pond, U. (2017). Toward transformative learning during short-term international study tours: implications for instructional design.

Pradanti, P., & Muqtada, M. R. (2023). Students’ perceptions on learning, motivation, and performance through project-based learning: undergraduate students’ case. PYTHAGORAS: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.33373/pythagoras.v12i1.5011

Pranata, M., Qibtiyah, Z. M., & Fatiha, C. N. (2022). Hubungan Demografi Tenaga Kefarmasian terhadap Patient safety di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Kota Semarang. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 20(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v20i1.1072

Priyanka Maddimsetty, S. S., Chalasani, M., & Swapnika, B. S. (2024). License Verification and Validation System. Interantional Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering And Management, 08(008), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM37451

Qotrunnada, D., & Ansori, M. (2023). Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dengan Ekonomi Lokal dalam Pengembangan Agroeduwisata (Kasus: Kampung Agroeduwisata Organik Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat). Jurnal Sains Komunikasi Dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM], 7(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.v7i1.1059

Rachmatullah, A., Avenzora, R., & Sunarminto, T. (2017). Studi Persepsi Dan Motivasi Sebagai Determinan Pembangunan Ekowisata Di Kabupaten Tanah Datar (Perception and Motivation Study as a Determinants of Ecotourism Development in Tanah Datar Region). Media Konservasi, 22(3), 205–212.

Rahmawati, F., & Suryana, N. N. (2024). Pentingnya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Dan Konsistensi Operasional Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Digital Terkini, 1(3), 01–15. https://doi.org/10.61132/jumbidter.v1i3.112

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., & Jaafar, M. (2016). Community Participation toward Tourism Development and Conservation Program in Rural World Heritage Sites. In Tourism - From Empirical Research Towards Practical Application. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/62293

Ratanavaraha, V., Jomnonkwao, S., Khampirat, B., Watthanaklang, D., & Iamtrakul, P. (2016). The complex relationship between school policy, service quality, satisfaction, and loyalty for educational tour bus services: A multilevel modeling approach. Transport Policy, 45, 116–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.09.012

Rátz, T., Michalkó, G., & Keszeg, R. (2020). Educational tourism and nation building: Cross-border school trips in the carpathian basin. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 69(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.69.1.5

Reddy, P. J. K., & Revathy, K. (2024). Contextual Learning. In Digital Skill Development for Industry 4.0 (pp. 83–104). Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003504894-8

Rijal, S., Arifin, M., Rante, M. W., Musawantoro, M., & Badollahi, M. Z. (2022). existence of tourism higher education under the ministry of tourism and creative economy (PTNP) toward Indonesia’s golden generation 2045. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6, 338–353. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6nS2.2111

Ritchie, B. W. (2003). Managing Education Tourism. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 1, 200.

Rosnan, H., & Abdullah, N. C. (2018). Challenges in Upholding Edutourism Initiatives. Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies, 3(14), 1. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i14.161

Rozi, F., & Poernamasari, N. (2024). Branding of Islamic Boarding Schools as New Edutourism in Madura. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-118-0_25

Saepudin, S., Rahmawati, R., & Pratiwi, A. (2023). Application-Based Siger Tourism Design As a Solution Program for Tourism Development in Post-Pandemi Lampung Province. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy, 3(2), 166–170. https://doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v3i2.645

Saiful, S., Firman, F., Maharida, M., & Bakri, R. A. (2022). Need Analysis in Designing Tourism Instructional Materials Based on Local Objects in South Sulawesi. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(2), 1403–1410. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i2.1055

Selvakumar, P., Seenivasan, S., Raha, S., Ravikumar, S., & Gandhimathi, S. (2024). Educational Tourism. In Technological and Managerial Approaches to Fostering Sustainable Travel (pp. 125–150). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8115-1.ch006

Serio, R. G., Dickson, M. M., de Graaff, T., & Pels, E. H. (2024). Environmental policies as a pull factor for tourists? Insights from Italy.

Sevinç Özgen, E., & Tantekin Erden, F. (2024). Field trips as gateways to out-of-school learning: perspectives and practices among preschool teachers*. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2024.2428670

Sholikhah, N., & Tamrin, M. H. (2023). Public Private Community Partnership in Ngebel Lake Tourism Development, Ponorogo Regency. JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Publik), 11(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v11i2.1757

Si, Y., Zeng, Y., Wang, J., Wang, H., & Yang, F. (2019). Characteristics and Implications of British Educational Tourism. 322(201810394047), 259–262. https://doi.org/10.2991/iserss-19.2019.264

Silva, R. S. da, Souki, G. Q., Oliveira, A. S. de, Vieira, L. S. G., & Serra, M. (2024). Cognitive, affective and behavioural repercussions of perceived quality in tourism vocational education: insights from self-determination theory. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(6), 1710–1734. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-11-2023-0544/FULL/XML

Sirivadhanawaravachara, A. (2024). The role of educational tourism in Thailand: Opportunities and challenges. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 24(3), 622–635. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3681

Siswanto, J., Hidayati, T. S., Hadi, S., & Ayu, B. P. S. B. R. (2023). Penyuluhan Keselamatan Berlalu Lintas Pada SMK Negeri 2 Subang. Abdimas Galuh, 5(1), 658. https://doi.org/10.25157/ag.v5i1.10002

Soesanta, P. E., Putra, I. R. A. S., & Hutagalung, O. H. (2023). The Development of a Sustainable Tourism Area for Borobudur Temple as a City Branding Theme for Magelang Regency. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.111-122

Soesanto, Sanoto, H., Sugito, A., & Kardoyo. (2020). Academic Supervision Management Model for Elementary School Teachers in Underdeveloped Regions (Study in Landak District of West Kalimantan). Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Science, Education and Technology (ISET 2020).

Sofield, T. H. B. (2003). Empowerment for sustainable tourism development. Amsterdam: Pergamon.

Sulaiman, A. I., Chusmeru, C., & Kuncoro, B. (2019). The Educational Tourism (Edutourism) Development Through Community Empowerment Based on Local Wisdom and Food Security. International Educational Research, 2(3), p1. https://doi.org/10.30560/ier.v2n3p1

Sumarmi, S., Kurnia Putra, A., & Tanjung, A. (2023). Developing Digital Natural Laboratory Based on Edutourism for Environmental Geography. TEM Journal, 224–232. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-29

Suraji, A. (2022). Studi Penerapan Kebijakan Keselamatan Pada Proyek Gedung di Indonesia. Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand), 18(3), 230. https://doi.org/10.25077/jrs.18.3.230-243.2022

Susilowati, F., Prawenti, H., & Puspitasari, E. (2022). Kajian Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Perusahaan Konstruksi Jalan di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 29(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2022.29.2.10

Suwarni, S., Siti Khadijah, U. L., & Rachmat, H. (2021). the Development Strategy of Educational Tourism At Rumah Atsiri Indonesia in the Era of Adapting To a New Normal. Sosiohumaniora, 23(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v23i1.31668

Syafruddin, S., Ilyas, M., Suryanti, N. M. N., Wadi, H., & Handayani, N. (2021). Pariwisata Berbasis Budaya Dan Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Di Kawasan Kuta Mandalika. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29303/jppm.v4i2.2752

Tan, K. K. H., Lee, S. E., & Fu, Y. H. (2022). The role of academic field-trip organizers as gatekeepers for emerging heritage sites in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(3), 436–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2021.1923725

Tang, C. F. (2021). The threshold effects of educational tourism on economic growth. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1694869

Ting, D. H., & Cheng, C. F. C. (2017). Developing pro-environmental behaviour: ecotourism fieldtrip and experiences. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 18(7), 1212–1229. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2016-0052

Tisnakusumahnita, A., & Putri, S. O. (2024). Implementasi Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia melalui Kerja Sama Pendidikan terhadap Korea Selatan (2021-2023). Global Political Studies Journal, 8(2), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v8i2.15004

titania, E. lismanda. (2019, December). Manajemen Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Pasien Untuk Meningkatkan Akreditasi Rumah Sakit. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/3yd69

UNESCO. (2018). UNESCO 2017. In UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.7202/300284ar

Utami, T., Susilana, R., & Dewi, L. (2024). Mapping of Co-curricular Achievements in Kurikulum Merdeka with the Problem-Centered Thinking Skills Model. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(2), 651–660. https://doi.org/10.35445/ALISHLAH.V16I2.4714

Wahyu, I. C. D. K., Warto, W., & S, L. A. (2020). Diluwang Ponorogo Narrative As Enrichment Of Materials In Historical Learning Based On Local Wisdom. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series, 3(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i2.46236

WHO. (2020). Constitution of the World Health Organization. In World Health Organization 2020.

Wilby, K. J., Black, E. K., Benetoli, A., & Paravattil, B. (2022). Students’ conception of local responses to global problems for a more peaceful and sustainable world: A collaborative education project between Brazil, Canada, Qatar, and New Zealand. JACCP: Journal Of The American College Of Clinical Pharmacy, 5(6), 605–612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1608

World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all.

Yao, L., Zhu, Z., Hong, S., & Sun, H. (2024). The Examination of school study tours in Zhoushan City from the perspective of “Double Reduction” Policy. Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-253-8_47

Yfantidou, G., & Goulimaris, D. (2018). The exploitation of edutourism in educational society: A learning experience necessity through physical activity and recreation. Sport Science, 11(1), 8–15.

Yunas, N. S., Susanti, A., Nadya Izana, N., & Widyawati, W. (2023). The Pentahelix Model in the Development of Agro-Culture-Based Edutourism in the Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru Buffer Village Area (A Study in Tosari Village, Pasuruan Regency and Sapikerep Village, Probolinggo Regency). Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 11(1), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.22500/11202344218

Zaverbnyi, A., & Ilnytskyi, V. (2024). Phases of the life cycle of projects as a key factor in the success of their implementation. Market Infrastructure, (78). https://doi.org/10.32782/infrastruct78-13

Zhao, J., Wallgrün, J. O., Sajjadi, P., LaFemina, P., Lim, K. Y. T., Springer, J. P., & Klippel, A. (2022). Longitudinal Effects in the Effectiveness of Educational Virtual Field Trips. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(4), 1008–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211062925

Zul, F. (2021). Peran Self-Efficacy Terhadap Self-Regulation Siswa pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di SMA 2 Bukittinggi. PAKAR Pendidikan, 18(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.24036/pakar.v18i1.201

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36256/ijtl.v6i2.548